Developing a Therapeutic Counseling Relationship Essay -- Counseling

IntroductionUnderstanding the counseling session from the clients perspective is a very important aspect in the development of a therapeutic relationship. A clinician must be an excellent listener, while cosmos to pay attention to the clients body language, affect and tone. The dynamics in the counseling session that is beneficial to the client include the recognition of the bother that the client is feeling. The detrimental part of this includes a misunderstanding of the real issues, a lack of consideration of the cultural aspects of the client, and a lack of clinical experience or listening skills. In this presentation, we go out discuss the positive and negative aspects of the counseling session from the clients perspective which includes the clients attitudes, feelings, and emotions of the counseling session. We will next examine the propensity of the client to reveal or not reveal information to the counselor, and how transference, and counter-transference can have an effec t on the counselor-client relationship. Positive Aspects For clients who dribble their experiences for the first time in counseling, it can be a powerful force to help them heal. It is important for the counselor to pay close attention to the soulfulnesss body language, affect and tone. The counselor must consider the possible scenarios that may occur in the first session. Cultural aspects of the client must be considered. From the clients perspective, the first session is an important session, even if the first session is mostly an information gathering session. The client may have experiences some(prenominal) trauma in their life, never beingness able to send a person with their closest feelings. This is why it is very important to establish rapport and trust in... ...confidential information is shared without their permission, this situation can be detrimental to the client. The client may stop treatment or be passive-aggressive towards the therapist by being late of can celling appointments with the clinician. ReferencesState University (2011). Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site http//angel04.gcu.edu/section/default.asp?id=551591Sherwood, T. (2001, September). Client experience in psychotherapy What heals and what harms? Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 1(2), 1-16. Retrieved August 27, 2009, from http//www.ipjp.org/index.php?option=com_jdownloads&Itemid=25& chore=view. download&cid=111 Transference and Countertransference, (2011). Kathis Mental Health Review. Retrieved May 7, 2011 from http//www.toddlertime.com/mh/terms/countertransference-transference-3.htmCountertransference

Father Child Relationships in The Chosen, Dead Bodies Everywhere, and S

Father Child Relationships in The Chosen, Dead Bodies Everywhere, and Sherwood Andersons Tandy The novel The Chosen by Chaim Potok presents an important theme that is mirrored in other works of literature. The Chosens portrayal of a dysfunctional father-child relationship is present in the song Dead Bodies Everywhere by the band Korn and in Sherwood Andersons soon story Tandy. All three works depicted fathers who attempted to counterchange their children into someone different. The works acquainted how this could hurt the childrens relationship with their respective father. The pieces of literature also show how this type of dysfunctional father-child relationship can lead to the child finally disavowing their father and previous life. The Chosen, Dead Bodies Everywhere, and Tandy all show Fathers that try to change their children, the damage caused by this effort, and finally the total renunciation by the child of their previous life. In The Chosen, Dead Bodies Eve rywhere, and Tandy the major factor in a dysfunctional father-child relationshi...

Interview Essay - Murray Meisels -- Interview Essays

Interview Essay - Murray MeiselsMurray Meisels was born on April 19, 1924, in Brooklyn, New York. He grew up in New York City and came to California in 1941 to construe college at USC. After graduating from USC, he attended the University of Oregon alveolar School and the University of Buffalo Dental School. Murray served in the military during WWII and the Korean War. In 1948, he hook up with Francis and they made their home in Buffalo, New York. They raised devil children, and Murray owned a dental practice for over 40 years. While raising a family and practicing dentistry, he completed a Masters degree and taught at the University of Buffalo Dental School. In 1991 Murray retired from private practice, but continued teaching part m at the dental school. During this time he and his married woman washed-out winters in California. In 1996 they decided to make California their permanent home, and are very happy living here. They are proud parents and grandparents. Murray is very active and enjoys the emeritus program, exercising regularly, stamp collecting, golf and craft works. He creates beautiful ceramic, glass and sculptured pieces.The winder elements in Murrays definition of happiness are peace, quiet, a want of arguing, good health, and security. His definition of happiness has changed through the years, and he finds himself content with allowing people and situations to be the focussing they are. He is happier when he doesnt let things bother him. He has in condition(p) over time not to worry and aggravate himself unnecessarily. Selfish and opinionated people utilise to bother him terribly and he felt the need to respond, argue, or simply avoid them. But now he can handle these types of situations without feeling stressed.Having excessively many requests at h... ...w and youll see the results in your life.He feels that this advice is arranged with his philosophy on life. I try to be neat and honest with everyone, sometimes to a fault. I al ike(p) people to be honest and fair with me. I have always loved and done right by my family. I worked to a great extent to do the best job that I could and I didnt reward advantage of anyone in my practice.I truly enjoyed my time spent with Murray. Both he and his wife Francis graciously welcomed us into their home, and made us feel like familiar friends. It was wonderful to hear him share stories from his life and I thank him for his openness and honesty. His insights well-nigh the trials and tribulations of life were applicable to a person of any age. galore(postnominal) times over the last few weeks, I have found myself thinking somewhat something that he said. Murray is truly full of life and has a carry on of spirit Interview Essay - Murray Meisels -- Interview EssaysInterview Essay - Murray MeiselsMurray Meisels was born on April 19, 1924, in Brooklyn, New York. He grew up in New York City and came to California in 1941 to attend college at USC. After gra duating from USC, he attended the University of Oregon Dental School and the University of Buffalo Dental School. Murray served in the military during WWII and the Korean War. In 1948, he married Francis and they made their home in Buffalo, New York. They raised two children, and Murray owned a dental practice for over 40 years. While raising a family and practicing dentistry, he completed a Masters degree and taught at the University of Buffalo Dental School. In 1991 Murray retired from private practice, but continued teaching part time at the dental school. During this time he and his wife spent winters in California. In 1996 they decided to make California their permanent home, and are very happy living here. They are proud parents and grandparents. Murray is very active and enjoys the Emeritus program, exercising regularly, stamp collecting, golf and craft works. He creates beautiful ceramic, glass and sculptured pieces.The key elements in Murrays definition of happiness are pea ce, quiet, a lack of arguing, good health, and security. His definition of happiness has changed through the years, and he finds himself content with allowing people and situations to be the way they are. He is happier when he doesnt let things bother him. He has learned over time not to worry and aggravate himself unnecessarily. Selfish and opinionated people used to bother him terribly and he felt the need to respond, argue, or simply avoid them. But now he can handle these types of situations without feeling stressed.Having too many requests at h... ...w and youll see the results in your life.He feels that this advice is consistent with his philosophy on life. I try to be fair and honest with everyone, sometimes to a fault. I like people to be honest and fair with me. I have always loved and done right by my family. I worked hard to do the best job that I could and I didnt take advantage of anyone in my practice.I truly enjoyed my time spent with Murray. Both he and his wife Fra ncis graciously welcomed us into their home, and made us feel like familiar friends. It was wonderful to hear him share stories from his life and I thank him for his openness and honesty. His insights about the trials and tribulations of life were applicable to a person of any age. Many times over the last few weeks, I have found myself thinking about something that he said. Murray is truly full of life and has a lot of spirit

Chief Bromden in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest

Chief Bromden in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest   Chief Bromden is half American Indian. His cause was a chief named Tee Ah Millatoona, which means The-pine-that-stands-tallest-on-the-mountain. That is why he is able to use the title chief. He took on his mothers last name of Bromden. He grew up in the Columbian gorge. The chief is massive and tall and would appear very intimidating and threatening to those who meet him. He was committed to the hospital and has been there for seven-day than anyone else, for over 15 years.   He was put in there after World War two. The chief was an electricians assistant in a training dwell before the army shipped him off to Germany. It is probably due to working with electronics and the added strain of going to war that has led the chief to have such an unhealthy concentration with electronics.   The chief has led everyone in the hospital, both staff and patients to believe he is deaf and dumb. As a young child he was a lways ignored, by fellow students and adults, this could have been because he was so strange looking, macrocosm half American Indian and appearing so big and menacing yet being quite shy. I had to keep acting deaf if I wanted to hear at all. He felt rejected by his peers throughout emotional state and so as an adult decided that as mess acted like he was invisible he might as well disappear, It wasnt me that started acting deaf, it was people that first started acting like I was too dumb to hear or see or say anything at all. So pretending to be deaf and dumb was probably a defence mechanism. For him, his silence is also extremely potent. As he is able to hear everything that went on in the meetings where the doctors and nurses controvert the future of the patients. The doctors and nurses dont hesitate to say anything in front of him because they think he cant hear. They dont bother not talking out loud about their hate secrets when Im near because they think Im de af and dumb.   The chief sees things in literal metaphors, he sees McMurphy as being really big in size because he is so bear (and big in spirit).

Essay --

Sexual harassment is another subject of interpersonal communication that occurs in the exploitplace. Although sexual harassment violates Title septenary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and as amended by the Civil Rights Act of 1991, it is still a reality in all places of employment which is why it is something that everyone should obtain the ability to identify, understand, and effectively respond to. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission defines sexual harassment as followsUnwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individuals employment, unreasonably interferes with an individuals work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, and offensive work environment. Sexual harassment can take place between whatever two individuals any gender to any gender, any business, school, place of social, religious, and politi cal organization, authority to subordinate, subordinate to authority.The DeVito text separates this definiti...

The Oppression of Women and Their Movement Toward Individuality :: Essays Papers

The Oppression of Women and Their Movement Toward Individuality The theme of individual and society can be looked upon in many distinct manners. There is the concept of people separating themselves from society in order to become individuals and express their individuality. There is the concept of individuality and the consequences its expression may have. The situation exists in which individuality is limited by society. Each of these ways of looking at the theme of individuals and society is something that has affected women since the beginning of recorded time. Throughout history, women have been inhibit and undermined by those who claim superiority over them based solely on a difference in chromosomes, not a difference in intelligence, talent, or ability. These claims have been do based on ideas from Biblical representations of men and women to protecting women and ensuring their mental and physical well-being. Still, women formed a unity that had clear goals, valid suppor ters, and arduous leaders that enabled them to overcome their oppressions. Many ideas of male superiority come from and began with the Bible. It can be noted that woman, in the second creation story in Genesis, is made from that which is man. It can also be noted that it is a woman who, in the Garden of Eden story in Genesis, initially commits the first act against Gods wishes and and then causes herself and her companion to be judged and punished. Throughout the Bible, women are rarely referred to by an actual proper name. Women are referred to as property, a mere woman in a world of men. Also in the Bible, women are presented to be focused entirely around the home and are property of men with the sole purpose of tutelage children, as in the Abraham, Sarah, and Haggar cycle in Genesis in which the two women are property of Abraham, there only to provide him with an heir. However unfortunate, in the scene and time it was written, this was the case. Still, today we cannot believe the Bible to be a guideline for the roles of women. Many ideas may be false concerning what has been inferred and what was actually written and its purpose. A close at hand(predicate) reading of the text will prove that women played a vital role in many of the treasured beliefs of believers. Even without names, women had a voice and were a force to be reckoned with.

The Oppression of Women and Their Movement Toward Individuality :: Essays Papers

The Oppression of Women and Their Movement Toward Individuality The theme of individual and society can be looked upon in many different manners. There is the concept of people separating themselves from society in order to become individuals and express their individuality. There is the concept of individuality and the consequences its expression may have. The situation exists in which individuality is limited by society. Each of these ways of looking at the theme of individuals and society is something that has affected women since the beginning of recorded time. passim hi allegory, women have been suppressed and undermined by those who claim superiority over them based solely on a expiration in chromosomes, not a difference in intelligence, talent, or ability. These claims have been made based on ideas from Biblical representations of men and women to protecting women and ensuring their mental and physical well-being. Still, women formed a unity that had neaten goals, val id supporters, and strong leaders that enabled them to overcome their oppressions. Many ideas of male superiority come from and began with the Bible. It can be noted that adult female, in the second creation story in Genesis, is made from that which is man. It can also be noted that it is a woman who, in the Garden of Eden story in Genesis, initially commits the branch act against Gods wishes and therefore causes herself and her companion to be judged and punished. Throughout the Bible, women are rarely referred to by an actual proper name. Women are referred to as property, a mere woman in a world of men. Also in the Bible, women are presented to be focused entirely around the home and are property of men with the sole purpose of bearing children, as in the Abraham, Sarah, and Haggar cycle in Genesis in which the two women are property of Abraham, there only to provide him with an heir. nonetheless unfortunate, in the context and time it was scripted, this was the case. Still, t oday we cannot believe the Bible to be a guideline for the roles of women. Many ideas may be false concerning what has been inferred and what was actually written and its purpose. A closer reading of the text will prove that women played a vital role in many of the treasured beliefs of believers. Even without names, women had a voice and were a force to be reckoned with.

Mice and Men Essay

Hopes and reveries jock people to survive even if they never be take after real. How far is this true for the characters in Of Mice and Men? Support your ideas with enlarge from writing. Of Mice and Men is a novel written by John Steinbeck here two itinerant ranch workers, George Milton and Lennie Small share the same Ameri brook dream. The chronicle is set in California, at the beginning of the 20th century, during the despotic Great depression where dreams and hopes were the only purposes of living. Desires and aspirations are significant in Of Mice and Men.In a piece where it is impossible to have a friend, to talk or to listen to somebody, the hope of a dream coming true is the only thing that can asseverate George, Lennie and edulcorate going on, surviving in that hostile environment. George Milton fantasizes ab step to the fore having a big vegetable patch and a rabbit hutch and chickens, seconding him to have got in his precarious situation. The crux of dream for Geor ge is not the absence of work, or the easy living, or even having money, it is simply grounded in having for the first time of his vitality a place to belong.This dream is a driving force for George, a powerful motivation which persuades him that all of these hard working days are not worthless. In fact, George said thoughtfully, Look, if me an Lennie work a month an dont spen nothing, well have a hundred bucks. This shows how George is ready to work hard in do to obtain this sum of money. Moreover, the word thoughtfully imparts that George is deeply thinking of working hard, thus portrayed as extremely motivated. The dream is perceived as reward, an restoration for all the troubles he has already endured in his life.However, George doesnt believe entirely in the dream. The protagonist knows that there is a very few chances for the dream to come true. Thus, it is not the dream but the hope of the dream which stimulates Lennies companion. Moreover, George uses this dream to keep L ennie in check. For instance, George promises Lennie to slope the rabbits all right. Specially if he remembers as secure as that. Here, George manipulates cleverly the dream in order to captivate Lennies attention and to have him remember not to say a word in front of the boss. The dream turns from a motivating force into a reward for Lennies effort.Lennie Small yearns for livin off the fatta the lan, an have rabbits. From his point of view, this dream is not a simple dream, its a hope. A hope in which he could tend the rabbits and all his other favourite animals. patronage the fact that Georges and Lennies dream is identical, their perceptions are diverging. Lennies approach is much more childish, more fantastical and unrealistic. Besides, Lennie is extremely fond of his dream and believes extremely in it. Lennie is not timber as if but when The absence of conditional in Lennies speech reveals that he really believes in this dream.Furthermore, Lennie knows by heart and can recit e, word by word his most precious wish. This shows that Lennie has propably heard the same thing over and over again. In deed, as the protagonist is mentally challenged, the fact that he can remember this dream demonstrates how devoted he is to this wish. Moreover, when talking about that specific desire, Lennie is constantly interrupting George in his speech. At this moment, Lennies attitude and behaviour portrays a trancelike character, escaping successfully in his ideal world.Furthermore, after a savage and wild fight with Curley, Lennies first question to George is I can still tend the rabbits, George? . Thus, Lennie appears to be obsessed with his dream, even after a ferocious assault. This shows how Lennie is attached to his main goal. In addition, Lennies attachment is also revealed when the protagonist is ready to moderate their God damn necks and smash em with a stick. This serious threat demonstrates Lennies determination to achieve his desire and also how virulent he can be. Anything thats in the dreams way will endure Lennies barbarity, maybe the death sentence.Moreover, Lennie is only intimidating imaginary cats. This points out that Lennie is extremely resolved to attain his wish, even ready to surpass a fictitious obstacle. This extract is therefore used to foreshadow Curleys wife tragical fate. In deed, Candys wife is perceived since her first apparition as an obstruction to the dream. George orders Lennie to keep away from her. Therefore, if Curleys wife is susceptible to pick out the dream impossible to come true, Lennie can easily kill her, and Curleys wife will turn out to be murdered by Lennie.Despite Lennies undisputable faith, his dream turns out to be an unattainable escape. However, the protagonist manages to flee his miserable life thanks to his dream. Candys dream is to join forces Georges and Lennies plan, in order to flee his loneliness. Candys financial contribution increases the probability for the dream to come true. As a co nsequence, George, Lennie and Candy fell into silence. They looked at one another, amazed. This thing they had never believed in was coming true. This quote suggests that this precise moment represents the crux of the protagonists dreams.The word amazed implies a serious fascination where the three men realize at the same time the possibility for their dream to come true. Moreover, they sat still, all throw by the beauty of the thing, each mind was popped into the future when this lovely thing should come about. The quotation shows how engrossed and enthralled the three men are. Furthermore, the adjective bemused suggests how motionless and quite are the three man, astonished and perplexed about the possibility for the dream to come true.However, one could see that Candys troth spoils the dream of the farm by making it a genuine possibility rather than an on going and eternal wish. We are suddenly asked weather the dream isnt better off as a dream, something they can believe and v isualize thats bigger and better than any other reality. In conclusion, hopes and dreams help George, Lennie and Candy to survive even if they never become real. The farm is a dream for George, a hope for Lennie and even a plan for Candy that help them survive in their miserable lives.

How Children Utilize Their Mathematical Mind as Part of Their Natural Progression Essay

Dr Maria Montessori took this idea that the military man has a numeral brainiac from a French philosopher Pascal and developed a revolutionary math learning material for fryren as young as 3 years old. Her numerical materials allow the churlren to begin their mathematical journey from a concrete model to abstract idea. With reference to the above statement please discuss how these nipperren give their mathematical mind as part of their natural progression, to reason, to calculate and estimate with these Montessori mathematical materials in conjunction with their aims and presentations? What is a mathematical mind? The Mathematical bew ar refers to the unique 10dencies of the human mind. The French philosopher Blaise Pascal said that e actually human being is born with a mathematical mind. Dr. Montessori borrowing this concept, further explained that the mathematical mind is the sort of mind which is make up with exactitude. In our release therefore, we withstand given a name to this part of the mind which is built up with exactitude, and we call it the mathematical mind.I take the term from Pascal, the French Philosopher, Physicist and Mathematician, who said that the mans mind was mathematical by nature, and that cognition and progress came from accurate observation. Maria Montessori, The Absorbent Mind, Chapter 17, Pg. 169 She said the qualities of a mathematical mind was such that always cristalds to estimate wants to quantify, to see identity, similarity, difference, and patterns to make gear up and sequence. The concepts within the mathematical mind do not simply refer to common associations with math, such as basic operations. Instead, Montessori believed that the human tendencies lead one to be mathematical in thought. That is, basic human tendencies such as order, orientation, exactness, repetition, activity, and manipulation of objects, all lead to the increase of a mathematical process of thought. The child perceives, without sure reasoning, patterns of relationships things to things, things to people, people to peopleThe mathematical mind therefore is a power to organize, classify and quantify within the context of our life experience Mathematics is not unaccompanied about additions or subtractions a child learns at the school, it is all around the child from the daylight he is born (or may be salutary to begin with that). It is a well known fact that an embryo can hear its mother. So the mother says the baby kicked me twelve times today ormy language is within another devil weeks when he was in her stomach. And thence after he was born he may hear you were born on the endorse or at octet you go to the bed or one button is missing in your pajama shirt or in the society he may be questioned how many sisters or brothers do you have? etc., A childs day to day life is all connected with maths and all the basic conversations he has is very lots multiform with mathematics. In that case the child is born to a world that is full of math, created by human for their benefits and the child needs to adapt to it.Children need math to sort, categorize and group things within his environment. They need to count, they need to learn the time and then gradually they need to work with arithmetics, geometry and algebra in the school when they grow up. We must convey to the child the belief that we have made mathematics ourselves, and that we re-make it every time we move, think, work or play. We should wait on the child understand that it is simply part of our being human to have a mathematical mind. Gettman D, BASIC MONTESSORI, Chapter 1, Page 159. instruction mathematics to a young Montessori child is not a difficult task as he is very much exposed to derives during his day to day life. By the time they enter into the Montessori school most of them are able to count one to ten (we call this rote figuring, they solely count without knowing the real meaning of the enumerate). Even in th e prepared environment, though the child does not directly work with the materials within the math ledge as he enters, he however indirectly learns math concepts such as repetition, calculation, exactness, fraction, estimation and classification and most importantly order through the hardheaded life activities.A significant discovery that Dr. Montessori made was the importance of offering indirect preparation for the math materials while children were in the sensitive periods for movement and the gloss of the senses. It is through childrens work with the Exercises of Practical Life and Sensorial materials that they source encounter and experience the concepts of measurement, sequence, exactness, and calculation Sensorial education is the basis of mathematics. Dr. Montessori said that children are sensorial learners. They learn and experience the world through their five senses. So sensorial education helps the child to create a psychical order of the concepts he grasps use his five senses. The skill of mans hand is bound up with the development of his mind, and in the light of history wesee it connected with the development of civilization. Maria Montessori, THE ABSORBENT MIND, Chap 14. pg. 138 Montessori firmly believed that the hands are the mother of skills.By providing Montessori sensorial materials to the child she was convinced that correct manipulation with quality and standard would certainly create a lasting impression in the childs mind with the understanding of mathematics. We place materials quite intentionally on trays, we colourise code activities, materials are displayed in a logical sequence, and we break down movements during presentations into series of sequential steps. The sensorial materials simply present trio mathematics concepts of completeness, geometry and ahead of time algebra.Dr. Montessori was convinced that there are two things to be introduced before work with mathematics. Before beginning mathematics work, the child m ust therefore do two things explore and accept the notion of idealized things with isolated qualities, and gain practice in the requisite intellectual. MMI Mathematics Course Manual pg. 6 The childs intellectual skills are developed through both practical life and sensorial activities. In practical life activities, children practice calculation skills when determining how much water to pour when carrying out exercises like pouring water from send back to bottle with an indicator line, or spooning beans from bowl to bowl with an indicator line, or from jug to jug up to the more complex activities of sweeping which have the qualities of repetition, calculation and exactness.The Sensorial work is a preparation for the study of sequence and progression. It helps the child ramp up up spatial representations of quantities and to form images of their magnitudes such as with the Pink Tower, knobbed cylinder etc. These sensorial materials similarly provides the child with the skills of c alculation with the pink lift and red rods as the child judges the size and length of the cubes and rods respectively, as well as repetition with quitic tablets etc., All of the materials in the Montessori classroom have been specifically designed to attract the interest of the student, while at the same time t distributivelying an important concept. The purpose of each material is to isolate a certain concept the child is bound to discover. The Montessori maths program is divided into parts to facilitate a sequential and gradual progress in the maths concepts starting from simple to complex.During circle time, informalactivities or games are introduced to initiate complex maths concepts like seriation, one-to-one correspondence, sorting and more in the simplest way. Without counting or even uttering a issuing name, the child is actually introduced to maths through preliminary maths activities. Dr. Montessori also said, what the hand does the mind remembers. The very first math material to be presented to the child is the number rods. Number rods are very concrete and help the child to feel and understand meaningful counting. It is also not very new to the child as he has already worked with the red rods before. The only difference is number rods are colour coded with red and blue, which helps the child to visually discriminate the difference in length and then to count the rod. The instructor presents the material by a three period lesson, and by retell the same activity again and again, the child understands that two means two things and three means three things and so on and so forth.The aim of the number rod is to help the child Learn the name calling of numbers 1-10 and visually associate the numbers with the amount as well as to cross-file that each number is represented by a single object, as a whole, separate from others. The number rods help the child memorize the sequence of numbers from 1 to 10. When the child counts one rod as a single uni t, he immediately notices an increment in the number rod 2 even though it is still a single unit thereby helping him to associate the numbers to the quantity. Rarely, however, can he count with certainty the fingers of one hand, and when he does succeed, in doing this, there is always the difficulty of knowing why,The extreme exactness and correctness of a childs mind need clear and precise help. When numerical rods are given to children, we see them even the lessenedest take a lively interest in counting..Maria Montessori, The Discovery of the Child, Chapter 18, pg. 265.The satisfaction of discovery leads to an enthusiastic interest in numbers when the child is able to demonstrate the fundamental mathematical operations, rather than simply being told seemingly dull and meaningless facts. He physically holds the quantities that he sees represented by written symbols. He combines the materials, counts, separates and compares them while visually grasping and reinforcing the ideas in a way that is concrete, rather than abstract...Teaching Montessori at Home. Now the child is working with the concrete materials to understand the quantities of numerals one to ten and then he knows the written symbols too.The next step is to teach him how to combine the quantities with the written symbols. This is done through a set of fun games. The Teacher invites the child to bring the number cards and the rods to the mat and then gets the child to identify the concrete value (the rod) first and then find and match the number card with the rod. Next the teacher requests the child to identify the number cards randomly and match them with the rods. This activity helps the teacher to keep open how thoroughly the child is familiar with the numbers. The next two games help the child to understand the sequence of numbers. When the numbers and the rods are randomly scattered on the mat, the teacher requests the child to identify the number rods in sequence and then match the numbers w ith it and build the stair then in the next activity the child identifies the number cards in sequence and then matches with the respective rods and builds the stair.The aims of these exercises is to establish the child in the recognition of numerical symbols 1-10., as well as help him learn association of quantity to symbol and also help the child understand quantity and sequence of numbers utilise manipulatives. Once the child is very clear with numerals one to ten, the next step is to teach the quantitative system. Decimals are introduced to the child with the concrete manipulation using the golden beads. Through a three period lesson, the child is introduced to one, ten, hundred and thousand. The child feels and sees what one means by a small unit and then sees that ten is a long bar and then hundred is a flat square of ten ten-bars bound together and finally the thousand is a cube made up of ten 100 squares. The child can visually discriminate the difference in the sizes of d ifferent value and then feels it too. Counting through helps them to further internalize the concept of decimal fraction system. The teacher counts up to nine units and then says if we have one more unit we will have a ten bar. So this helps the child to understand that to make ten we need ten units.Then to make hundred we need ten ten-bars and then finally the thousand cube is made out of ten hundred-squares. The great deal begins with the decimal system operations. Here the child is introduced to additions, subtractions, multiplications and divisions. The child learns the exact abstract way of additions or subtractions using the golden beads and queen-sized and small number banks. All these activities are teacher directed and working with these activities, helps the child understand that addition means compounding twoamounts together and then have a big amount at last that subtractions means giving some amount away from what he had and then what remains is a small amount that mu ltiplication means having the same amount in to different numbers of times and gets a large amount as the answer and finally, that divisions are giving the amount away opposely or unequally among two or three people. These operations are very concrete to the child since he sees and manipulates the material. After manipulating with the concrete materials, the child moves to the abstract counting.Using the large number cards, the teacher introduces the written symbols of power of ten (the decimal system). Then moves to the counting through with the written symbols. Once the child is through with quantities and the written symbols the teacher shows the child to link concrete with abstract devising the Birds eye view. Through the birds eye view the child can clearly see the process of the quantity increases with the written symbols. It gives the child the sensorial impression that when the symbol increases from one to ten, ten to hundred and hundred to thousand value of the quantity a lso goes higher. The aim of introducing the decimal system, is to help the child understand the concept of ten, learn the composition of numbers as well as the place value system and their equivalencies. After the decimal system operations, the child progresses to informal recording. By this time, the child knows the numbers very well and he is familiar working with sums too.The informal recording introduces the child to small number rods. In the first presentation, he is concretely introduced to composition keeping ten as a guide and showing him how to make ten using rods up to six. Decomposition is also equally concrete, first he makes ten and then takes one away the child sees he is left with nine. During this presentation, the symbols of plus, minus and equal to, are also introduced and in the second presentation he is introduced to recording. The teen board is introduced to the child when he is through with the decimal system. It is also called linear counting. The short bead s tairs varying in colour and quantity (one is red, two is green, three is pink, four is yellow, five is light blue, six is purple, seven is white, eight is brown and nine is deep blue) The coloured bead bars show clearly the separate entities from 1 to 9 and the ten-bars are the main concrete materials involved with the linear counting.First of all, the child learns to build the short bead stair and then combines the short beadstairs with ten bars to teach the names of quantities eleven to nineteen. When the child understands the names of values, the written symbols are introduced through the sequin board A. Similarly the names of quantities from ten to ninety are also introduced and then the sequin board B is used to teach the abstract concept of written symbols. The hundred and thousand bead chains reinforce the childs counting from one to a thousand and also helps the teacher to evaluate childs standards with understanding counting. The coloured bead bars show clearly the separate entities from 1 to 9, in combination with the tens they show the child that numbers 11 to 19 are made of ten and a number 1 to 9 The purpose of introducing the child to the linear counting exercises is to develop the childs ability to recognize and count to any number.As well as learn skip counting. The childs own sound knowledge of the numbers 1 to 10 and their numerical order acts as a guide This system in which a child is constantly moving objects with his hands and actively exercising his senses, also takes into account a childs special aptitude for mathematics. When they leave the material, the children very easily reach the point where they wish to write out the operation. They thus carry out an abstract mental operation and acquire a kind of natural and spontaneous inclination for mental calculations. Montessori M., The Discovery Of The Child, Chapter 19, pg. 279BIBLIOGRAPHYMaria Montessori, The Absorbent Mind, Montessori Pierson create Company, the Netherlands, Reprinted 2007 Maria Montessori, The Discovery of the Child, Montessori Pierson Publishing Company, the Netherlands, Reprinted 2007 Modern Montessori Institute, DMT 107 Mathematics Students Manual David Gettman, Basic Montessori, Saint Martins Press, 1987 Elizabeth Hainstock, Teaching Montessori in the Home, Random House Publishing Group, 2013

Dark tourism: mediating between the dead and the living Essay

colorful touring carryIntroduction In general, touristry covers several kinds of travel and a very broad destination ranges. wholeness of the niches of tourism is what is kn testify as unnoticeable tourism that covers the revengeation of places where tragedies or where ancient shoemakers lasts in history contrive taken place and the institutions that deal with the tender heritage (St angiotensin-converting enzyme, 2012). In the last decades, this type of tourism has received more attention and hence it has become very popular (st cardinal, 2012). As Lennon and Foley (1999) states, tourism that is associated with the closing turn ups and alike tragedy places ar registering a huge number of visits hence experiencing a rapid growth. Smith (1996), in her research shows that the warfare memoralia along with the entirelyied products are probably forming the largest category of tourist attraction in the globe, in spite of the dissuasive and tragedies that have happened t here( Stone, 2012). For instance, the Jailhouse in the United States has formed one of the earliest example of depressed tourism in the break of the 19th century has received a lot of attention due to its novel practices and architectural innovations( Stone, 2012). In the meantime, visitation of the sites of death and tragedy has developed into a global phenomenon. However, the demand for the spots of lightless tourism is becoming very versatile. Besides the death and tourism matters, culture interests or just the desire for entertainment are some of the other reasons why thousands of tribe are pilmigraging in the shadow tourism sites day by day (Stone, 2006). In spite of the ever change magnitude number of research on this topic, the reasons why bulk are visiting these dark tourism sites and also identifying themselves with death matters, genocide and disaster is not clear (Foley and Lennon, 2000 sharply and Stone, 2009). Owing to the daily and rapid increase in the dark to urism niche, it is very vital for people to understand the reasons that motivate people to visit the places of genocides and disaster.Dark Tourism definition As described by Foley and (Lennon, 1999), dark tourism is the type of tourism that encompasses the supply and consumption by the people who are the visitors, of real and commodities of disaster and death sites( Stone, 2012). One example of dark tourism in the in the ancient ages is the gladiatorial games of the area of the Romans or the execution during the medieval age as noted by (Stone, 2009). Boorstin (1964), shows that the first England tour which was organized and carried in the year 1838 was a trip by a train, where people had organized to go and witness the hanging of two murderers. (Sharply, 2005) denotes that Dark tourism is not precisely becoming more popular but it also varies very much in their presentation of death. Dark tourism is reaching from the jocular houses of horror in the famous places of the well kn ow individuals to the sites of mass murder especially the Holocaust death camps. (Seaton, 1996), demonstrates a lot of attraction sites which include th Waterloo Battle field along with the hide city of Pompeii with the latter cosmos cited as the largest and the around famous destination for the thanatoptic travel of the Romantic period (Seaton, 1996) Mostly, the word Thonatourism is preferred to Dark tourism as it describes the travel to locations that are partially or wholly motivated by the actual or symbolic desire to the death encounters which is especially and not exclusive to the violent death, to a varying degree that it is activated by the individuals specific features of the ones that deaths is their focal objects. this shows that the main reasons for the people who visit these places are only active visiting there so as to experience the atmosphere of such places. Stone believes that thanatourism should only be defined by the motives of the consumer and also the moti vation of the individuals in this kind of tourism plays a lot of roles. The other definition synched with Dark tourism is the black spots which are the commercial-grade development sites of graves or the places where celebrities or famous people have been met with jerky or violent deaths (Rojek, 1993). Rojek quotes three different examples of these black spot sites the site of the famous murder of John Kennedy murder in Dallas, Texas, the annual travel to the Californian highway where Dean James met his death in a sudden car crash and the annual candlelight vigil in the memory of the famous Presley Elvis (Stone, 2012). In this paper, both thanatourism and Dark tourism will be used as they got the very(prenominal) meaning although they are interpreted differently. Dark tourism is based on the attraction and location based while thanatourism foothold on the motivational aspect. Black spots are the places associated with Dark tourism in the sense that they are the sudden and viol ent death sites.Benefits of Dark tourism Dark tourism creates an exotic experience to the travelers for the tourists who are seeking an unusual experience apart from their everyday lives (J Khang e etal, 2012). In most instances, it creates a black vacation concept to the people who are more open minded and they usually want to explore the domain (J Khang e etal, 2012). It is a general reputation of human beings also to want to have a eyewitness of the suffering of others that is formed basically from the curiosity of the mind (J Khang e etal, 2012). Also, Dak tourism is a very interesting aspect of tourism where visiting of the battlefields, cemeteries and concentration camps give one a firsthand information experience of the hardship through their own eye witness. Dark tourism is a muti-dimensional feeling that could have a deep impact in life (Daams, 2007). (J Khang e etal, 2012) notes, Dark tourism also generates income for the society that has or was touch on by the sai d tragedy or disaster to rebuild itself. The tourist influx helps the local by bringing in money to them. Without these tourists coming in to witness the sites, it could be very hard for the community that is affected to rebuild itself and live to their original standards. For instance the Katrina hit places of siege of Orleans saw the tourist figures drop by 35 percent of what was there before and hence a tourist surge would help this part rebuild itself (Dams, 2007). Dark tourism also provides emotional benefit not only to the tourists but also to the community where they are situated (J Khang e etal, 2012). Also dark tourism site could be used for educational purposes to educate the young generations on the cause of the tragedy and how to evade such. For instance, the Auschwitz in the sylvan of Poland was listed in the UNESCO world heritage site in the year 1979 and it became mandatory for every school child in German to visit it during their education9Kate N.d). By raising t he soberness of the knightly horrific events it leads cooling of our minds in our endeavors of understanding the world that we live in (Daams, 2007). Also, dark tourism helps us to notice and pay tribute to the ones who fought for the betterment of the country (Kendle, n.d) Dark tourism gives a positive impact both to the economy and to the emotional wellbeing of the community at hand along with the visiting tourists. It generates income to the economy, provides a new experience to the tourists and also provides emotional wellbeing of the affected residents. So the dark tourism revenues generated should be channeled to the right places so that it can help the affected people to rebuild their lives and also raise their living standards (J Khang e etal, 2012).Examples of Dark tourism sitesThe Buried village One of the examples of Dark tourism site is the buried village in New Zealand. This happened when mount Tarawera started to erupt in the early hours of 10th June 1886 and it i s termed as one of the greatest natural disasters. It was just after the midnight when Te Wairoa people were woken by a sequence of earthquakes (Chris Ryan and Rahul Kohli, 2006). About a period of two hour after this, a huge earthquake took the center exhibit which was followed by a big explosion and the for the following four hours, the peaceful village was bombarded by rocks, ashes and mud. This sadistic and unanticipated eruption buried the village of Te Wairoa along with other several neighboring villages in the area with hot mud, ash and mud (Chris Ryan and Rahul Kohli, 2006). The eruption destroyed the white and pink terraces, a silicon- stain natural formation, which formed the largest New Zealands tourist attractions changing the landscape dramatically. It led to loss of more than 150 people, and has since been a tourist attraction which is one of the dark tourism sites as coined by Croy and Smith (Chris Ryan and Rahul Kohli, 2006).The Jeju Massacre The Jeju massacre is one of the forms of the dark tourism site where more than 30, 000 people were executed by the military (J. khang et al, 2012). . A peace park was constructed and every year people go there to commemorate theor loved ones. This is termed as one of the biggest dark tourist sites in the world, for instance the 3rd April peace park case (J. khang et al, 2012).Dark tourism Motivators In accordance to Smitt(1996), the war sites attract basically people with healthy interests in history and also the military strategists. The people who visit these sites are always keen to analyze the past event while they walk around the scene. This is to show that the battlefield visitors are not motivated by any interest on the deaths but by the interest in the history of the battlefields. These same results were also confirmed by Crompton (1979) and also Anderson (1995), who stipulated that Historical and cultural interest could also be a motivator for travel. Crompton (1979) formed this conclusion from interviewing 44 adults that transmutation and education are also travel motivators. To sum up the topic on history motivation, it can be noted that history could be the major(ip) motivating chemical element that drives people to visit the battlefield and disaster sites. Owing to the little research that has been carried on the tourist motivation to the disaster sites, it can be concluded based on the little research that the motive to learn more and more about history could be the main driving factor but not only or single reason why individuals visit these sites. Below are the other reasons why people visit the dark sites.Education So as to understand the reasons behind battles and deaths and what were their aftermaths, dark tourism could be very helpful in opinion forming. Also, some people require to know why their relatives and friends had to die. Travel education was introduced into learning in the break of industrialization back in the 17th century, when educational enhancements and also infrastructure increase 9Burkart and medlik 1981). In the year 1982, the first exhibitions on dark tourism with educational components were prompted in the city of New York, USA. Presently, Dark tourism sites are implementing educational aspects ni them so as to promote themselves. The tourists also get a chance of self learning through these educational travels. There are many institutes which are offering educational tours to the war sites and also delivering information sessions, for instance the Smithsonian associates in Washington a D.C educational department which was offering a tour that was analyze the route of the murderer of president Abraham Lincoln. One of the main reasons for such tours and events is for the people to learn from the past and put mechanisms on how re-occurrence of such events could be prevented. In most of the learning places, like pearl Harbor in USA, people always believe that education could provide a more secure tomorrow. The people who visit such places are thought to know why these tragedies happened and hence they should realize that it should never happen anymore (Ryan, 2007).Remembrance Lennon nad foley(1993) describe remembrance as an important human activity which connect people between the past and the future. They also declare that how humans remember defines us in the present. These sites are more often than not constructed for remembrance and to commemorate the ones who died or the event which led to their deaths. Like for instance, there is a day in Christianity which is meant to remember all the saints that died and it is known as all saints day. It is a common practice where the Christians visit these cemeteries where loved ones were buried. It is meant also for the remembrance of the events that formed the identities of these individuals.Identity People also visit these sites for indent purposes. Even if people have no direct connection to the people in these sites or event which lead them to it, they visit these sites for identity purposes. For example, people who visit the sites where famous people met their deaths, mostly they have the soul purpose of indentifying themselves with the dead character (Rojek, 1993). According to a research by Ashworth (2004), many tourist visit the sites of disaster or battlefields because of their curiosity. Other researchers have it that people visit the atrocity sites so as to view the macabre exhibits (Yuill, 2003) and (cooper, 2003) as (Yuill, 2003) states, the tourists or visitors who come to the atrocity sites rarely have no connection to any of the person that fought in these wars or participated in the battlefield.The future of dark Tourism Owing to the fact that Dark tourism has been increasing day by day, there has been a lot of incites on the future of this kind of tourism (H. Muzaini, 2007). One of the most exploited parts is in the educational part of it. Many Universities have launched courses that are basing their information from the dark tourism. For instance, the University of Central Lancashire launched a program where they will be examining the reasons why people visit these sites, what are their motivations and also offering trips to these sites (Reed Courtney, n.d). Also, the business minds people are converting these sites into big hotels especially the prisons which were famous dark tourism sites are being converted into hotels and they attract a lot of tourist who want to feel the identified with these places (H. Muzaini, 2007). For instance the Oxford prison has been converted into a luxurious hotel that is attracting a lot of visitors. Most of these sites are being converted into luxurious sites (Reed Courtney, n.d). In addition, we have the websites that are designed for visitors attractions to the museums in most cases employ images and narratives of the life in prison in the ancient times and also the more punitive incarnation elements (Reed Courtney, n.d). You will s ee some of the writings like, Sit in a prison cell, sample the door slam shut and imagine the harsh conditions of Victorian prison regimes. Try on prison uniforms, imagine the horror of being set in the pillory, strapped in a restraint chair or hung in chains. Turn the crank, carry out shot drill or work the treadmill (H. Muzaini, 2007).ReferencesA.V. Seaton (1996) head by the dark From thanatopsis to thanatourism, International Journal of hereditary pattern Studies, 24, 234-244, DOI 10.1080/13527259608722178Malcolm Foley & J. John Lennon (1996) JFK and dark tourism A fascination with assassination, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 24, 198-211, DOIAlcatraz and Robben Island. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 386405. Elsevier Science Ltd.Chris Ryan & Rahul Kohli (2006) The Buried village, New Zealand An example of dark tourism?, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 113, 211-226Walter, T. (2009) Dark tourism mediating between the dead and the living. I n The Darker Side of Travel The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism. Aspects of Tourism . Channel View Publications, Bristol, U. K., pp. 39-55. ISBN 9781845411152Walter, T. (2009) Dark tourism mediating between the dead and the living. In The Darker Side of Travel The Theory and Practiceof Dark Tourism. Aspects of Tourism . Channel View Publications, Bristol, U. K., pp. 39-55. ISBN 9781845411152Philip Stone and Richard Sharpley,(2012). CONSUMING DARK tourism A Thanatological Perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 574595. Elsevier LtdDaams, Eric (2007) Dark Tourism Bearing Witness or Crass Spectacle? http//www.bravenewtraveler.com/2007/10/10/dark-tourism-more-than-a-spectacle/ accessed 20 October 2009Erik H. Cohen (2011) EDUCATIONAL DARK TOURISM AT AN IN POPULO SITE.The Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 193209. Elsevier LtdGriffiths, Kate (n.d) Ground Zero & the Phenomena of Dark Tourism http//www.pilotguides.com/dest ination_guide/north-america/new-york/ground_zero.php accessed 20 October 2009Rasul A. Mowatt and Charles H. Chancellor. (2011) VISITING DEATH AND LIFE. Dark Tourism and Slave Castles. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 14101434. Elsevier LtdPhilip R. Stone, (2012)DARK TOURISM AND SIGNIFICANT OTHER DEATH. Towards a Model of Mortality Mediation. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 15651587 Elsevier Ltd.Park, Korea, Eun-Jung Kang, Noel Scott, timothy Jeonglyeol Lee, Roy Ballantyne, (2012). Tourism Management. Benets of visiting a dark tourism site The case of the Jeju April 3rd Peace. School of Tourism, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaReed, Courtney (n.d) Shedding Light on Dark Tourism http//www.gonomad.com/features/0704/dark-tourism.html accessed 20 October 2009Hamzah Muzaini , Peggy Teo & Brenda S. A. Yeoh (2007) Intimations of Postmodernity in Dark Tourism The Fate of History at Fort Siloso, Singapore, Journal of Tourism and Cultural C hange, 51, 28-45, DOI 10.2167/jtcc082.0Source document

Clause Worksheet Directions

Underline the adverb clause, labeling the subject and the verb of each clause. 2. Circle the subordinating conjunction in each sentence. 3. Identify the question that is being answered by the clause. 4. Draw an arrow to the word that each clause modifies. 1. I will not go to the movies with you unless you buy me soda, popcorn, and candy. 2. Eric will find the almanacs where the other reference books ar shelved. 3. Erin goes swimming whenever she gets the chance. 4. After you have beaten the eggs, slowly add the dry Ingredients to make Mrs..Franken a batch of cookies. 5. The washer will stop if the door is opened. 6. Residents of the muteness suburban neighborhood have been urged by the mayor to conserve water until the shortage ends. 7. His pictures came out badly because the film was torn s descendly. 8. We had a good era at the picnic even though we were attacked by an angry swarm of bumblebees. 9. No one may enter the studio while the red light Is on. 10. A tire blew out as the Jet taxied to the runway. 1 1 . We arrived at the bus station as our bus was beginning to pull outside onto the highway. 12.The movie, Spenserian and Superman Best Friends Reunited, had already started when Mr.. Font arrived. 13. Because we had to get up at 430 in the morning, we went to bed before American Idol was over. 14. Whenever It was possible, the excrete planted trees. 16. Will you move the couch when you have time? 17. Because the music in the stadium was so loud, Katie got a piercing headache that made her nauseous. 18. No one came to the party since Dave forgot to mail the invitations. 19. Did you see my sister at the mall when you were in Williamsburg? 20. My ride came before I had finished breakfast.

Human Resource Managers in a Multinational Company Essay

1. To what extent argon human resource managers in a multinational company restricted by heathenish and institutional factors in implementing policies and holds across their subsidiaries? Discuss your answer giving examples.In the face of ball- stipulationdization, makeups struggle to develop the human resource management strategy (HRMS) between global integration and local differentiation. This is regarded as a critical concern for multinational enterprises (MNEs) since they suffer from heathenish and institutional differences to integrate HRM practices and shape HRM activities to operate abroad. Regarding that, each cultural and institutional factors ar developed over its history with unique insight into managing the organisation, the appropriate HRM practice would vary. The differentiation in national gardening and institution offer the different management practices that need to be concerned significantly especially for multinational companies managers. Researchers highli ght the congruence between these factors and HR practice for higher organsational performance.When the HRM practice fits with the basic value sh atomic number 18d by employees, the job satisfaction, employee motivation and commitment will be attained. This comes with the implication that cultural and institutional factors are pivotal in make the decisions and policies of managers of organisations. In this essay, it will explain what is the institutional and cultural factor with theoretical approach. After that it will suggest implications of institutional and cultural perspective for outside(a) Human Resource Management to answer how these factors influence in implementing management policies and practices.According to Hofstede (1991), Culture refers to the shared sets of beliefs, values and norms that is programmed into an actors mind. It is regarded as the mental software and sets of informal rule, while institution is more than hardware of modified and negotiated legal system s that actors follow. The institutionalism emphasises the legitimacy, which organsations struggle to acquiring and maintaining in relation to the surroundings. One of the new institutionalist theories, the potpourri of capitalism, treats the corporation as a kinds electronic network that locates organisation in itsstakeholders with employees and with competitors. The approach highlights the importance of institutional complementarities that argue the success of an organisation depending on the capability to coordinate effectively.The theory draws two types of political and economical structures across nations. One is the liberal commercialise economic orientation (LME) and the other is the coordinated market economic orientation (CME). Companies in some North-Western European countries including Germany and Switzerland with CMEs tend to have highly structured arrangements in labour market that form strong trade union. Banks in these countries are highly coordinated with firms and have long-term capital. In contrast, there are loose hire and fire labour market regulations and dispersed world(prenominal) investors in the U.K and U.S.A where sort out as LMEs. The source of finance in these countries is the stock market, with the clear difference. The figure1 demonstrates that corporations in these different types of systems do not operate in the uniform market.Figure 1. Institutions across sub-spheres of the political economy Source star sign and Soskice, (2001)It shows the positions of OCED countries that describe institutional character in the financial and labour market. The higher development in a stock market implies higher dependency on market coordination with emphasis on financial criteria, whereas a higher degree of protection for employees is in all likelihood to rely more on non-market criteria. The flexible labour market in LMEs is suitable to easy access to stock market capital. Due to the competitive market conditions, firms in LME mark ets highly emphasise the financial performance rather than long-term strategies. Nervous investors such as those from the hedge fund tend to hesitate to investment in companies with long-term and uncertain employee training that ties capital in workers skills. Conversely, long-term employment arrangement and long-term capital remain in the essence of CMEs.The institutional retrieveations lead to different types of organisational behavior and investment patterns that shape different HRM policies and practices. Firms in LMEs emphasise short-term competition that likely treatemployees as disposable resources. Employees performances are appraised individually with a financial incentive system so managers are empowered to control HRM with considerable autonomy. Investments in employee training and development are classified as overhead. In contrast, HRM polices in CMEs regard employees as valuable assets for sustaining a competitive advantage thus tend to make a greater sweat in inves tments in product innovation and employee development encouraging employment stability. In the system, the higher degrees of job security and work force commitment are derived, since its employment regulation and laws are protected from strong trade union and government.Moreover, different business systems across nations similarly significantly impact HRM issues. The issues including working hours, purpose of performance appraisal and job contract are highly influenced by local institutional arrangement. The MNCs in Japan prioritize work organisation, which contains quality oriented and flexible practice, and their HR practices are adopted to be suitable with this approach. Likewise, German MNCs, where short run financial ratio is not a greater concern, rely more on long term strategies that highly regulate the hours of work and worker participation. In this regard, the ability of MNCs to fit various institutional arrangements with the local environment is essential to have an adv antage in global operations. The evidence from the survey conducted by Guest and Hoque (1996) show that MNCs in Germany do not implement their surmount practices into subsidiaries in the U.K. such as long-term employment plans, union perception and employee training.Another crucial factor managers from MNCs should consider for effective HRM is culture. It is assumed as the major(ip) source of differentiation in managerial behavior among different nations. One of the most widely cited approaches to culture, Hofstedes study (1980), classifies four cultural dimensions based on the survey data from 116,000 IBM employees. The study suggests possible origin and consequence for managerial behavior in different dimension contexts. Power distance reflects the dependent relationship between superior and subordinate. Companies in high power distance subordinate have high dependence to superior with greater reverence through the gradable structure. Uncertainty avoidance measures different deg rees of preparation for future risk and ambiguity.In risk adverseorganisations, rule making and bureaucracy are placed to corporation with possibilities of risk and members prefer to behave what they are expected. Individualism versus collectivism dimension reveals the different level of desire to feeling that they belong with a pigeonholing. At last, masculinity versus femininity dimension presents different values that masculine and feminine society prefer differently. Highly masculine societies have a higher tendency to be competitive since high earning and challenging careers are important values for employees. In societies with femininity tendencies, values related to satisfaction, security and cooperation are emphasised. The study highlights the importance of culture to coordinate different managerial behavior for international businesses. Another cross-cultural approach, Halls study (1976) classifies cultures into low and high context cultures, each with diaphanous demand s and preferences.The culture characterizes the nature of human relationship, communication and authority. For example, the line of distinction between high and low context cultural communication has been particularly documented. According to Hall and Hall (1990), in high context communication, speakers tend to utilize relative indirect style of communication. On the other hand, in low context communication, speakers a great deal employ more or less direct communication style. Clearly, these communication dimensions area is an overlap of the individualism-collectivism from Hofstedes study. Collectivist societies often concern about minimizing the chances of painful sensation other parties.These groups emphasise the value conformity and traditions. It is for this reason that they prefer to use high context communication. The team members of collectivists often prefer communicating directly with their leaders. They are often concerned about avoiding responses that are negative, a mo ve that is aimed at maintaining harmony. Any form of communication is aimed at fostering interpersonal communication. The tendency is change by reversal in individualist societies where each member pays more attention to personal goals and interests. The different communication styles and human relationships naturally relate to the different preferences of organisational structure that shape the HRM practices and policies.The culture influences multiple aspects of HRM, thus it is likely to beeffective when HR practice and policy fit with the culture. In regard to recruitment, collectivistic cultures prefer network based recruitment method like employee referrals. The method is supposed to enhance employee commitment and loyalty that strengthens the social network. Since collectivism highlights cooperation rather than individual achievement, it more considers candidates ascribed statuses more than personal skills and knowledge. Conversely, employers in an individualistic organisatio n select candidates based on necessary abilities through highly structured methods such as bureaucratic interviews. Similarly, the organisation with high uncertainty avoidance index prefers open recruitment with the use of more structured selection method as it is highly correlated with formalisation.In terms of performance appraisal, individualised appraisal and rewards are highly correlated with individualism and lower degree of uncertainty avoidance. Regarding that various reward practices based on individual performance would result in uncertainty it is less likely to emerge in risk adverse society. The incentive scheme may also not be needed in high power distance cultures since subordinates are more likely to be motivated by superiors direction. The merit-based selection and promotion, which consider individual performance and contribution to the organisation is related to individualism and low level of power distance. It is opposed to the value from collectivism and femininit y that emphasise group harmony and cooperation.In conclusion, institution and culture significantly influence in managerial behavior. It is needed to take institutional and cultural factors into consideration in shaping and adopting management policies and practices. Cultural and institutional factors are so varied that they integrate all the factors oriented towards social and ethical responsibilities, which is a major focus for present-day(a) organisations. Cultural values demands that decision and policies that managers make reflect the interests of the society, including those of the institutions. Since the inappropriate management concept may trigger misunderstanding and conflict among subsidiaries it is vital for effective management.Clearly, institutional and cultural researches contribute to analysing and understanding various manifestations of HR across a border. However, managers should take carefulconsideration before implementing specific HR practices or policies to ru le out overly deterministic connection from the theoretical context. In order to achieve successful performance, MNCs have to adjust and moderate management practice in unity with the local environment. The differences in a business system, local environment and culture between home and host countries are the significant determinants for both evolutions.References1 Aycan, Z. (2005), The interplay between cultural and institutional/structural contingencies in human resource management practices, International daybook of Human Resource Management, 16(7), pp. 1083-1119.2 Earley, P.C. (1994), Self or group? Cultural cause of training on self-efficacy and Performance, Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(1), pp. 89-117.3 Gomez-Mejia, L.Y & Welbourne, T. (1991), Compensation strategies in a global context, Human Resource Planning, 14. pp. 29-424 Guest. D. & Hoque, K. (1996) National Ownership and HR Practices in UK Greenfield Sites, Human Resource Management Journal, 6(4), pp. 50-74.5 Hall, E.T. (1976), Beyond culture, New York Anchor Books6 Hall, E.T. & Hall, M.R. (1990) Understanding Cultural Differences, Yarmouth, MA Intercultural Press.7 Hall, P.A. & Soskice, D. (2001) An introduction to varieties of capitalism in Varieties of Capitalism The institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford Oxford University Press8 Hofstede, G. (1980), Cultures Consequences International Differences in Work-related Values, California Sage Publications9 Hofstede, G. (1991), Cultures and Organizations Software of the Mind, Berkshire McGraw-Hill10 Tsui, A.S., Nifadkar, S.S. & Ou, A.Y. (2007) Cross-national, cross-cultural organisational behaviour research Advances, gaps and recommendations, Journal of Management, 33 (3), pp. 426478. 1 . Earley, P.C. (1994), Self or group? Cultural effects of training on self-efficacy and Performance, Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(1), 89-117 2 . Hall, P.A. & Soskice, D. (2001) An introduction to varieties of capitalism in Varieti es of Capitalism The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford Oxford University Press, Page 1. 3 . Hall, P.A. & Soskice, D. (2001) An introduction to varieties of capitalism in Varieties of Capitalism The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford Oxford University Press, Page 4. 4 . Tsui, A.S., Nifadkar, S.S. & Ou, A.Y. (2007) Cross-national, cross-cultural organizational behavior research Advances, gaps and recommendations, Journal of Management, 33 (3), pp. 426478. 5 . Aycan, Z. (2005), The interplay between cultural and institutional/structural contingencies in human resource management practices, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(7), pp. 1083-1119. 6 . Gomez-Mejia, L.Y & Welbourne, T. (1991), Compensation strategies in a global context, Human Resource Planning, 14. pp. 29-42

Health and social care Essay

Explain how communication affects relationships in the work settings Depending on whether communication needs are met you provide encourage an case-by-case to participate or discourage support and trust. By making sure communication needs are met you encourage equality and resurrect empathy and shared understanding.Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication Consider the soul you are talking to and find out their preferred method of communication by seeking out advice from their cover plan or family and friends, you have to take into consideration their language, weather they use sign language, prompt cards or expressions and so on Observing the individual while they communicate will give you a good indication of their preferred method of communication.Explain how people from different backgrounds whitethorn use and/or interpret communication methods in different ways. Hand gestures, voice tones, languages and touch are all methods of communication b ut may be interpreted or used differently with people from different backgrounds or cultures. for example i may shout to express annoyance and another individual may shout to show excitement.Identify barriers to effective communicationsBarriers may include non understanding or being aware of an individuals beliefs, needs, wishes, values and culture. Not making communication aids available or making sure they are in working order. Being dismissive and unresponsive. Not taking the time to listen and understand, not giving the person a choice to talk in privacy and being in a clattery environment.Explain how to access extra support or services to enable individuals to communicate effectively To help an individual communicate sufficiently you can obtain support from the persons GP, family/ friends, Social worker and advocate. You can ask for help also of speech and language services, translation services and interpreting servicesExplain the meat of the term confidentialityConfidenti ality means to keep information safe and private. You should only pass on information when having obtained consent from the individuals, on a need to no foothold or when the individual is in immediate dangerDescribe the potential tension between maintaining an individuals confidentiality and disclosing concerns. This may be breeching a persons confidentiality and not respecting the individuals right to privacy. Putting the rights of others before the individual and it could also be a safe guarding issue50118195.CU1531 Engage in personal development in health and social care or childrens and young peoples settings. Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work federal agency To support adults with physical, mental and learning disabilities to live independently, ensuring all paperwork is complete, clear and concise and in line with company guidelines. Making sure I follow care plans, and helping the individuals to achieve life goals and ambitions.Explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards I am expect to adhere to the contract that my company has put in place that I signed on accepting the job role and the job description. I am expected to work within the company and legal guidelines.

Explore Shakespeare(TM)s Presentation of Lady Macbeth Essay

In the meter Shakespe are was writing Macbeth there were m every(prenominal) new likings and concepts coming forward and the country was changing. There was growing tenseness between parliament and the King, resulting in many debates about kingship and what makes a good king and growing latent hostility between Protestants and Catholics, resulting in plots and rebellion analogous the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. There were sharp divisions between robust and poor and society at the clock time was dominated by men. The church was very influential. Plays at the time often reflected political offices and taught moral lessons, and Macbeth, written in the early 1600s, echoes all told the changes and tension present in the country at the time.In particular, Shakespeare foc offices on the issues of kingship through Macbeths struggles to, and on, the throne but it is gentlewoman Macbeth that demonstrates how women were sensed in the male-dominated culture and the links between good and evil that are subtly examined by Shakespeare passim the play.The way that women were perceived in Shakespeares time is shown by widespread belief in witchcraft. Witches were believed to be women who had sold their soul to the devil in exchange for doing evil deeds. This suggests that women at the time could non be too powerful or independent and that women were whitethornbe the inferior sex as they were easily coaxed into evil. The widespread belief in the supernatural is repeated often in Macbeth, often in the form of the common chord witches. The opening scene features the three witches hinting that there is lots of wrongdoing to come in the play. The three witches are too all women, cover that women were often behind evil-doing.How women were perceived and evaluate to be flummox is further suggested when doll Macbeth receives Macbeths letter recounting his encounter with the witches. At the beginning of the scene lady Macbeth is seen to be playing conventionally, rea ding a letter that has been sent by her husband whilst he is away in battle. This is how women were expected to be confound to wait patiently for their husbands to return and to care for the home and family. So far she is pretending as any women should but after reading the letter, dame Macbeths attitude quickly changes.Instead of performing conventionally, she begins to show more masculine traits. She thinks that Macbeth is too full o th milk of human graciousness to catch the nearest way which is non how a conventional women would think. She is thinking of off which would be too ruthless and brutal for a conventional woman to contemplate. This also shows that Lady Macbeth is taking the manly affair rather than Macbeth, as Macbeth is described as cosmos too kind, a trait that is more womanlike than masculine.Her unconventional behaviour continues when she decides to persuade Macbeth to kill to fulfil the witches prophecies. Hie thee hither, that I may pour my liven in th ine ear she commands of the absent Macbeth. She is seeking to delay Macbeth and give him orders, but wives of the time were expected to imitate their husbands. There is also a suggestion that she is evil and supernatural, as she has spirits to pour into Macbeth but this may be a suggestion that women were perceived as being manipulative.The letter itself is an important part in demonstrating what is going on inside the char proceeders minds. The letter is written in prose Shakespeare uses prose for low characters or character with an kinky state of mind. This suggests that either Lady Macbeth or Macbeth are non thinking how they should, which links back to the fact that Lady Macbeth is acting eccentrically, or that they are planning to perform a low deed the off of King Dun whoremonger for their own gain.The language used by Lady Macbeth further suggests the mindset that she is in. She commands come, you spirits that extend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here which uses harsh and unpleasant language, present how Lady Macbeth is acting. It is also in the imperative, so she is making an order which is non a feminine thing to do.Once Macbeth enters, Lady Macbeth takes fancy of the situation. Look like the bare flower, but be the serpent undert she commands Macbeth whom she should be obeying, not ordering around. The line itself is a biblical metaphor which brings in the idea that Lady Macbeth is like eventide in the Garden of Eden she places temptation and evil in campaign of Macbeth which he otherwise would not suffer contemplated doing.Lady Macbeth takes complete control of the situation when she excluded Macbeth from any of the planning of the deed Leave all the rest to me. She is not acting like a woman here as she is being unwaveringer in spirit than a man and she is disobeying her husband.Lady Macbeths maleness is further explored when she manipulates Macbeth into agreeing to the kill by teasing his masculinity. When you durst do it, then you were a man, she is saying that when he thought up the idea of cleanup spot the king he was being manly but now, when he is backing out of it, he is not.The idea that violence equates to masculinity is shown by Macbeths adoration of Lady Macbeths masculine qualities. After she says that she would have dashd the judgments out of a baby if she had said she would, Macbeth says For thy undaunted mettle should compose zip but males as he believes that she is so masculine inside that she cannot even create anything feminine. Due to this, Lady Macbeth cannot be acting as a woman should be as violence and aggression were not feminine qualities.The language she uses in the scene is taunting as she is mocking Macbeth. She likens Macbeth to the poor cat i the adage making him an object of pity and stupidity and so ridiculing him and undermining his masculinity. A woman of the time should not be acting like this as they were expected to be obedient to the husbands wishes and not to manip ulate them as Lady Macbeth is doing.As Lady Macbeth says that she would dash a babys brain out, this brings to mind the idea of witches, as typical ingredients to a potion or spell may include objects from innocent children. It may have also been believed that witches stole and killed infants and as Lady Macbeth is will to do so, it suggests that she is a like a witch. Her lack of a child with Macbeth might also have made her more willing to suggest that she would kill a baby as she would not have any maternal urges towards sheltering any babies.Macbeth goes to commit the murder whilst Lady Macbeth stays behind wondering how he is faring. At this point, Lady Macbeth can be said to act conventionally as she is waiting for her husband to return from doing an unpleasant act that was deemed unacceptable for women to do.Her streak of femininity is continued as she begins to worry. Alack, I am afraid they have awaked she says to herself showing that she is worrying about either the plan o r Macbeth. If she is worrying about the plan failing, that could be argued to be a feminine trait as typically women worry more than men. If she is worrying about Macbeth and his safety, this would inculpate she is acting as a conventional wife as she is showing concern for her husband, as a wife should do.Some vulnerability is shown by Lady Macbeth as she tells of her reason why she could not have committed the murder herself. Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done t she says, demonstrating that she has a feminine side as she was obviously fond of her father affection being a feminine trait.Once Macbeth returns from the deed however, Lady Macbeths masculine traits return as she takes control of the situation to ensure their plan goes without a glitch. When Macbeth seems to regret killing Duncan, Lady Macbeth chastises him when he thinks that the blood on his workforce is a sorry sight she tells him a foolish thought, to say a sorry sight as she believes that it w as not a bad thing to commit the crime. This means that she has returned to being masculine as a women would be shocked at the thought of murder and would be jolted by the blood on Macbeths hands.The idea of witchcraft comes up when Macbeth says he could not say Amen, when they did say God call down us. Being unable to say a prayer was said to be a family of being bewitched, so Macbeth could be under Lady Macbeths spell as he is committing the murder against his will and it is only due to her exercise that he is doing it. It could also be said that Lady Macbeth is acting like Eve as she has placed the temptation of a bad deed in front of Macbeth and coaxed him into doing it, like Eve did to Adam in the Garden of Eden.While she is trying to calm Macbeth she uses lots of imperative language. Consider it not so deeply she commands him. Once again it is Lady Macbeth doing all the commanding when it should be Macbeth that should be commanding her.Shakespeare uses stagecraft to show th e audience Lady Macbeths contribution to the murder. She takes the daggers from Macbeth once he refuses to, showing the audience that she is in control and that she has an equal part in the murder as Macbeth and suggests that she will acquit the same consequences for the deed.After the murder has taken place, others find out that the king is dead. To protect both her and Macbeth, Lady Macbeth uses her femininity. With the others discussing the murder, she pretends she knows nothing of it and the horror of it makes her swoon Help me hence, ho she cries as she faints. Earlier on, Macduff had said that the news of the murder would kill a woman instantly, so Lady Macbeth is fulfilling this stereotype that women were unable to cope with bad news. This also helps to divert the suspicion from herself and her husband as it is showing the news of Duncans death is new to her.Her manipulation of the situation and of the men present shows how she may be perceived as evil as she seems to be inn ocent when she in fact is guilty. This links back to the perceptions of witches who would take normal human forms but be evil beneath the innocent faade.With the king murdered, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth take the throne. Their perceived superiority is shown by the use of the Royal we. Ourself will mingle with society Macbeth says to his guests at the banquet he throws in his honour, suggesting he perceives himself to be royalty, although it is not rightfully his.At this time, both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are acting conventionally he is being the perfect host, while she is behaving as a woman should, staying out of the way until her husband summons her. Our stewardess keeps her state, but in best time we will require her welcome Macbeth says to his guests, suggesting that he is in control of what Lady Macbeth does. This shows that Lady Macbeth is acting as a wife of the time should be.Nevertheless, Lady Macbeth soon begins to act unconventionally when Macbeth begins to lose control of the situation and draws suspicion towards themselves of the murders that they have committed. As Macbeth hallucinates and believes he is seeing the touch modality of Banquo, Lady Macbeth tried to persuade him into acting normally. Are you a man? she questions him, taunting his lack of masculinity at his fear of his own imagination. This is not how women of the time should be acting as they should be soothe their husbands rather than mocking them it was their duty to care for the home and the family.Throughout the play, Lady Macbeth is shown as a strong and masculine character but after the murders, she begins to lose her mind. A doctor is summoned as she is sleepwalking this is a great perturbation in nature, to receive at once the benefit of sleep, and do the effects of ceremonial. This is saying that it is unnatural to sleep and walk and this links back to the idea of witchcraft. People who were bewitched or possessed would act unnaturally, suggesting that Lady Macbeth is be witched.To show the audience that Lady Macbeth is losing her mind, Shakespeare changes the language that she uses. During her sleepwalking speech, Lady Macbeth dialog in prose, rather than blank verse to show to the audience Lady Macbeths descent into madness.Shakespeare also employs stagecraft to show the audience what Lady Macbeth is feeling. While she is sleepwalking, she performs the action of deadening her hands Yet heres a spot Out, damned spot Out, I say. This is to show the audience that she is trying to wash the blood off of her hands and so wash herself free of the guilt she feels for the murders.Through the entire play, Lady Macbeth is shown to have two sides, to have a seemingly innocent side and then to have a masculine, manipulative and evil side. With this manly and sinful streak, Lady Macbeth managed to influence her husband into committing crimes that he would not have committed on his own willpower. Because of this, Lady Macbeth could be said to be the one to bl ame for all the crimes that her husband committed Macbeth can be said to be a butcher and Lady Macbeth his fiendlike faerie. Rarely does Lady Macbeth act as women should act and this could be Shakespeare showing that women have an immoral and tyrannical side which they do not show.

Purpose of My Existence

A solitary bland time-piece on a pale blue wall tolls the offshoot dark hour in midnights wake. A child, at t checker age of 12, lies awake in her dank, gelid bed. The vile darkness shrouds her in a tangible web of fear and wicked delusion. A cacophony of silence descends upon her shivering form. Her lies, thrown asunder, off her huddled form, evidence of a sleepless tussle.The ceiling yellowish brown creaks solemnly above, a monotonous jarring abeyance to the morbid silence. The air-conditi unmatchedd hums softly, a prayer to end this chronic suffering. The childs thoughts wander, her cerebrum trying to weave together strains of rational thought, struggling to find answers to inquisitions a mind as young as her was never meant to ponder upon All, in vain. She drifts, tragically at sea, through an ocean of befuddling questions to which the landed estate of logic fails to provide substantial answers. What is existence?Why are we here? What is to be condescend of me? Whats the poi nt? What is our procedure? The queries grow as her mind strains to find answers, to find meaning behind this intangible veil of existence. The questions come to be her bane she became so curious, she questions her existence, purpose and hope. That child was me.I continued to question life, until recently, when I was engrossed into obscure conversation with my sister. She narrated to me her peaceful missionary trip to Kenya, in Africa. It reminded me of the serenity and tranquility of the moments I had spent in a missionary camp before. After days of contemplation and reflection, I met my mothers gaga friend who served the poor as a dentist.Her making love for her job and the society was contagious. After a ambiguous study of dentistry along with its pros and cons, and after witnessing how she grappleed her patient role, how she examined their whole body before examining their teeth, how she was treated with concluding admiration by her patients, I gained profound respect fo r the profession.Since I know that I keep passion for souls, to cater for them physically and in all areas of life, I know this can be achieved effectively as a dental doctor. I fully understood that it was helping the deprived that gave me utter satisfaction and pleasure. organism an adventurous person, I have al focal points liked to explore new places. I will be making this quest real by visiting many nations of the world to assist them with my dental skills to treat the underprivileged free of charge.My ultimate goal in life is to contribute to the improvement in the tonus of human life through healing not only peoples teeth, but likewise their broken hearts and to share with them the Gods unlimited love which is already given to me, victimisation my job as a tool.I have finished my degree in Humanities and Social Sciences from Washtenaw residential district College in 2005 after which I earned a Bachelors of Sciences from University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2008. I have con ducted individual query as a Research and Lab Assistant in the Medical Genetic as rise up as in Biochemistry department at Madison, Wisconsin.Also, Ive worked as a florist and wedding deviser along with other experiences such as a translator, cashier and hostess. I was the president of the Korean applied science & Science Association and Korean Science Association social chairman of Korean Economics school-age child Association and an active member of the UW-Madison Pre-Dental Society.Ive also taken part in many musical associations at many places. I have received many scholarships such as, Leven, Maurice & Marie Scholarship, Atlanta Alumni Club Scholarship and William F. Vilas Scholarship, and I was on the Deans High Honor Roll from 2003-2005.After researching the profession, I have gained tremendous respect for it. I saw how dentistry has been an important factor in so many lives. Dentistry is one of the first diagnostic tools for diseases. I want o showcase my talent and my calling to the world and since dentist are noble people in the society, I want to be associated with it.Also, I now checker life as very precious with each patient having unique stories and insights. I will have respect for each patients opinion, and at the same time uphold the ethics of the profession, thereby restoring back the confident of some patient that are afraid of dentist. I will relate to my patient in such a way that they will have been alright even before treating them.Lastly, with this such(prenominal) that I have already achieved in life and a strong commitment and passion for more, I know that I will be taking to study dentistry as my own way of contributing to the progress and development my community and the entire world. Although, there are thousand of dentists in join State, I believe that I can become one of them, God helping me.I will be very happy and fulfilled if I can be admitted to study my dreamed and long sought after course. Thanks for your attention .

Case Texas Instrument

RAISA AYU LESTARI 1091002047 Case 13. 4 Texas Instruments 1. Summarize the major(ip) features of Texas Instruments management systems. 2. How does Texas Instruments ensure that its operating managers withdrawly allocate their time between unforesightful term and long term? 3. Why do you believe the OST System worked so effectively for TI in the 70s? why was not working effectively for company in the mid-to-late 80s? 4.Would systems like these be appropriate in other governances, such as Harvey-Hudson Electronics? What implementation problems would you foresee? ANSWERS NO. 1 Texas Instruments (TI) is considered to be the lead up of the American electronics industry. TI was first established in 1951 as an electronics company serving the American confession industry. In 1958, TI developed the first semiconductor integrated circuit.TI has three main lines of business in 1984 components, which included semiconductor integrated circuits, semiconductor subassemblies, and electronic co ntrol devices digital products, which included mini computers, personal computers, scientific instruments, and calculators and government electronics, which included radar system, missile guidance and control systems, and infr bed surveillance systems. The major management system of TI is OST System, which is Objective, Strategies, and Tactics System. OST System is a system for managing change and innovation.The system was utilize to define the strategies the company intended to follow for further growth and development and to identify the tactics need to successfully implement such strategies. The OST System can be more easily understood if viewed in three strategies 1. Presentation of the hierarchy goals 2. Dual responsibility of line management 3. Impact of matrix organization composed of strategic and operating modes The other main management system of TI is resource assignation system. This system included mean cycle, strategic fund, operating fund, and timing f planning cy cle. The next major management system of TI is incentive compensation system, which is included the Key Personnel Analysis and stock-option plan. mean and control system on TI encourage the development of new product. Strategic planning systems are more critical to survive the uncertain environment. Budgeting systems are used as short term planning tools that are flexible to adapt to a fast-changing environment. Reporting system are concentrated on insurance issues. Performance evaluation system highlight the uncertainty in the environment. NO. 2

Precise Software

1. In assessing the range of hairsplitting SQL for the substance ab substance absubstance ab drug exploiter securely one has to consider accession in DBA harvest-tideivity. Assuming 52 weeks in a social class, how many hours does a DBA save in a year because of sm all told? 3 Points DBA Hours Saved per year52 * 9. 4488. 8 DBA hourly Wage (assuming 40 hours to a week) 3 Points Unburdened DBA net income$60,000 Hours worked Per Year52 * 402080 Burdened DBA compensation1. 33*$60,000$79,800 DBA Hourly Wage (unburdened)$60,000/2080$28. 84 DBA Hourly Wage (burdened)$79,800/2080$38. 36 yearbook Saving for the client pissed Hours rescue per DBA per week9. 4 Hours saved per DBA per year52 * 9. 4489 nest egg per DBA per year (unburdened)489*$28. 84$14,102 Savings per DBA per year (burdened)489*$38. 36$18,758 Average number of DBAs10 Annual nest egg for firm per year (unburdened)10*$14,102$141,020 Annual nest egg for firm per year (burdened)10*$18,758$187,580 2. punctilious SQL in like manner eases with detect to deferral of computer hardwargon replacement decision. Answer the by-line questions on computer ironware deferral What is the probability of postponing hardware purchase for a year? Hint (a year has 12 months or four 3-month periods). 3 Points probability of postponed purchase (A) for 3 monthsP(A) = . 6 Probability of reservation purchase (B)P(A) = 1-P(A). Probability of not making a hardware purchase for 1 yearP(A)4. 1296 Hardware make up Saving if postponed by a year 30% 1 Point What is the average annual hardware cypher affected by Precise? $1,430,000 1 Point Based on the above leash pieces of learning, what is the dollar savings due to deferral of hardware purchase? Average annual hardware budget affected by Precise$1,430,000 Hardware salute Saving if postponed by a year30% Probability of postponing by 3 months60% Savings for three months($1,430,000*. 3*. 6)/4$64,350 Dollar savings due to deferral of hardware purchase for one year( $1,430,000*. )$429,000 5 Points 3. Precise SQL also enhances wipeout- exploiter reapingivity please answer the following questions on end-substance abuser returnivity (total 15 points). Number of proceeding per twenty-four hour period 194,000 native clock prison term in seconds spend in these legal proceeding in one day former to precise? 2 Points Average daily executions processed by all users combined194,000 Average end user response clipping per transaction15 Total metre in seconds15*194,0002,910,000 Total time in seconds exhausted per user per day 2 Points Total time in seconds to accomplish 194,000 transactions2,910,000 Number of simultaneous users215Number of transactions per user194,000/215902 Total time in seconds worn out(p) per user per day902*1513530 Total time spent per user in hours over one day? 2 Points Total time in seconds spent per user per day902*1513530 Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 76 Assuming an 8 hour day % time spent 2 Points Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 76 % of time spent3. 76/8. 47 (47% of user time) Improvement in end-user response time per transaction 25% Based on the above deuce pieces of entropy, % of time saving Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 6 % of time spent3. 76/8. 47 (47% of user time) Improvement in end-user response time per transaction25% % of time saving. 25*. 4711. 75% development information on time saving from above, the salary information, and information on burden rate , what is the $ saving per user per year? Average end user salary$30,000 Burdened rate, average end user salary$30,000*1. 33$39,900 $ savings per user per year11. 75%*$39,900$4,688 Using the above number, what is the saving for the firm (in dollars)? $ savings per user per year11. 75%*$39,900$4,688 Number of users215 Total user savings for the firm215*$4688$1,007,920 . Cost of selling a Single social unit of SQL (for 1999) Revenues (Softwar e License) $9,770,000 Assuming $20,000 price per unit, number of units sold 2 Points $9,770,000/$20,000 = 489 (approx) Assuming Sales and Marketing expenses capture all gross revenue related expenses, cost of a iodin sale $7,913,000/489 = $16,183 3 Points ? 5. Total Value of Precise SQL The measure of Precise SQL to an end-user firm has three components that you adopt calculated thus far. Taking these three components in concert what is the value of Precise SQL for a customer firm with one copy of the SQL? 3 PointsAnnual savings for firm per year (burdened)10*$18,758$187,580 Annual hardware deferral savings(1,430,000*. 3)$429,000 Total User Savings215*$4688$1,007,920 TOTAL$1,624,500 With a customer enthronization of $20K, what is the return on investment? Cost per attest$20,000 Cost per firm (assuming 10 DBAs per firm and severally DBA requires a license)($20,000*10)$200,000 Discount (assume 25% discount as per page 8 of shell)($200,000*. 75)$150,000 ROI (12 MONTHS)($1,624,50 0-$150,000)/$150,000983% With your ROI unhurriedness is Precise fitted to capture (appropriate) the value it creates for its customer? Why or why not?Given the scenario that led to an ROI calculation of close to 1000%, the product is priced too low. Precise needs to focus on communicating the value generated by usage of their software to potential customers in an effort to support increasing the price of their product to more accurately reflect its overall value to the end user.? 6. In terms of gross revenue crowd for Insight, Precise has both choices, what are these choices and what are the two main advantagesdisadvantages of using each pick. Precise soon has a single sales aggroup skilled to sell all of the companys products (other than Presto) through a three-fold channel distribution system.Each rep is paid a base salary of $75,000 plus a way depending on how many licenses they sold. The average rep do sales of up to $800,000 annually and thus bring in $120,000. T he highest paid rep about $300,000. Options a)Keep the same sales force Advantages Able to continue to cultivate animated business relationships with IT managers and DBAs. Since the sales cycle of software, especially of higher(prenominal) priced suites, could take up to 12 months, these relationships could prove right for a new product launch.Their overall companionship of Precise products and services is also an advantage, allowing the sales rep to leverage the full specter of Precise product offerings to a potential client. Disadvantages The certain sales team up is perhaps not the best. Their annual sales and salaries are below average for commercial software sales forces. It may not be the wisest decision to set aside the sales of your newest product in the hands of an underperforming team. Additionally, the contemporary sales force is already heavily tasked, as Alon stated Theyre running in ten directions at once. Adding to what appears to be an already overloaded sal es team would not be the optimum way to record a new value and feature stiff product to the market. b)Create a more specialized sales force Advantages Precise would be able to enrol top sales people and begin product cornerstone with a high performing, laser cerebrate team. This team would not have existing relationships with current Precise customers which could be an advantage in traffic with the echelon of Company executives required to crystallise a software purchase of this magnitude.Disadvantages Loss of the personal relationships with current customer DBAs may crimp product sales. Additionally, augmenting the existing sales force renders to the overall operating expenses of Precise and would add to their current string of operating losses. ? 7. One option to introduce Precise Insight at the illusionist OpenWorld 2000. Such an introduction could result in depression means advantage. What are the factors that likely influence the scuttle of first mover advantage i n this case. How would these factors move first mover advantage in this case? 0 Points Precise conducted a survey of its customers and quickly found that end-to-end response time was the pet indicator of overall system capacity and health. elevated dollar investments in enterprise applications like ERP, CRM or supply chain management left those who championed for their introduction into a Company eager to demonstrate the military posture of their respective choices. An end-to-end software application would help these internal champions by assuring optimizations throughout the user base.As companies continued to expand their global presence, many locations were stranded geographically, at times by thousands of miles. Insight offered a solution to make high data intense applications run more smoothly and efficiently. The need for senior executives to ensure these high dollar investments authorized by they themselves were successful was itself an undiscovered and underserved ma rket. Meeting the needs of about top decision makers, more importantly, those with the ability to authorize large Company investments would add to the first mover advantage.Precise Software1. In assessing the value of Precise SQL for the user firm one has to consider increase in DBA productivity. Assuming 52 weeks in a year, how many hours does a DBA save in a year because of Precise? 3 Points DBA Hours Saved per year52 * 9. 4488. 8 DBA Hourly Wage (assuming 40 hours to a week) 3 Points Unburdened DBA salary$60,000 Hours worked Per Year52 * 402080 Burdened DBA salary1. 33*$60,000$79,800 DBA Hourly Wage (unburdened)$60,000/2080$28. 84 DBA Hourly Wage (burdened)$79,800/2080$38. 36 Annual Saving for the customer firm Hours saved per DBA per week9. 4 Hours saved per DBA per year52 * 9. 4489Savings per DBA per year (unburdened)489*$28. 84$14,102 Savings per DBA per year (burdened)489*$38. 36$18,758 Average number of DBAs10 Annual savings for firm per year (unburdened)10*$14,102$141,020 Annual savings for firm per year (burdened)10*$18,758$187,580 2. Precise SQL also helps with respect to deferral of hardware replacement decision. Answer the following questions on hardware deferral What is the probability of postponing hardware purchase for a year? Hint (a year has 12 months or four 3-month periods). 3 Points Probability of postponed purchase (A) for 3 monthsP(A) = . 6 Probability of making purchase (B)P(A) = 1-P(A). Probability of not making a hardware purchase for 1 yearP(A)4. 1296 Hardware Cost Saving if postponed by a year 30% 1 Point What is the average annual hardware budget affected by Precise? $1,430,000 1 Point Based on the above three pieces of information, what is the dollar savings due to deferral of hardware purchase? Average annual hardware budget affected by Precise$1,430,000 Hardware Cost Saving if postponed by a year30% Probability of postponing by 3 months60% Savings for three months($1,430,000*. 3*. 6)/4$64,350 Dollar savings due to deferral of h ardware purchase for one year($1,430,000*. )$429,000 5 Points 3. Precise SQL also enhances end-user productivity please answer the following questions on end-user productivity (total 15 points). Number of transactions per day 194,000 Total time in seconds spent in these transactions in one day prior to precise? 2 Points Average daily transactions processed by all users combined194,000 Average end user response time per transaction15 Total time in seconds15*194,0002,910,000 Total time in seconds spent per user per day 2 Points Total time in seconds to accomplish 194,000 transactions2,910,000 Number of simultaneous users215Number of transactions per user194,000/215902 Total time in seconds spent per user per day902*1513530 Total time spent per user in hours over one day? 2 Points Total time in seconds spent per user per day902*1513530 Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 76 Assuming an 8 hour day % time spent 2 Points Total time spent per user in hours over on e day13530/60*603. 76 % of time spent3. 76/8. 47 (47% of user time) Improvement in end-user response time per transaction 25% Based on the above two pieces of information, % of time saving Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 6 % of time spent3. 76/8. 47 (47% of user time) Improvement in end-user response time per transaction25% % of time saving. 25*. 4711. 75% Using information on time saving from above, the salary information, and information on burden rate , what is the $ saving per user per year? Average end user salary$30,000 Burdened rate, average end user salary$30,000*1. 33$39,900 $ savings per user per year11. 75%*$39,900$4,688 Using the above number, what is the saving for the firm (in dollars)? $ savings per user per year11. 75%*$39,900$4,688 Number of users215 Total user savings for the firm215*$4688$1,007,920 . Cost of selling a Single Unit of SQL (for 1999) Revenues (Software License) $9,770,000 Assuming $20,000 price per unit, number of units sold 2 Points $9,770,000/$20,000 = 489 (approx) Assuming Sales and Marketing expenses capture all sales related expenses, cost of a single sale $7,913,000/489 = $16,183 3 Points ? 5. Total Value of Precise SQL The value of Precise SQL to an end-user firm has three components that you have calculated thus far. Taking these three components together what is the value of Precise SQL for a customer firm with one copy of the SQL? 3 PointsAnnual savings for firm per year (burdened)10*$18,758$187,580 Annual hardware deferral savings(1,430,000*. 3)$429,000 Total User Savings215*$4688$1,007,920 TOTAL$1,624,500 With a customer investment of $20K, what is the return on investment? Cost per license$20,000 Cost per firm (assuming 10 DBAs per firm and each DBA requires a license)($20,000*10)$200,000 Discount (assume 25% discount as per page 8 of case)($200,000*. 75)$150,000 ROI (12 MONTHS)($1,624,500-$150,000)/$150,000983% With your ROI calculation is Precise able to capture (appropriate) the val ue it creates for its customer? Why or why not?Given the scenario that led to an ROI calculation of close to 1000%, the product is priced too low. Precise needs to focus on communicating the value generated by usage of their software to potential customers in an effort to support increasing the price of their product to more accurately reflect its overall value to the end user.? 6. In terms of sales force for Insight, Precise has two choices, what are these choices and what are the two main advantagesdisadvantages of using each option. Precise currently has a single sales team trained to sell all of the companys products (other than Presto) through a dual channel distribution system.Each rep is paid a base salary of $75,000 plus a commission depending on how many licenses they sold. The average rep made sales of up to $800,000 annually and thus earned $120,000. The highest paid rep about $300,000. Options a)Keep the same sales force Advantages Able to continue to cultivate existing business relationships with IT managers and DBAs. Since the sales cycle of software, especially of higher priced suites, could take up to 12 months, these relationships could prove beneficial for a new product launch.Their overall knowledge of Precise products and services is also an advantage, allowing the sales rep to leverage the full specter of Precise product offerings to a potential client. Disadvantages The current sales team is perhaps not the best. Their annual sales and salaries are below average for commercial software sales forces. It may not be the wisest decision to leave the sales of your newest product in the hands of an underperforming team. Additionally, the current sales force is already heavily tasked, as Alon stated Theyre running in ten directions at once. Adding to what appears to be an already overloaded sales team would not be the optimum way to introduce a new value and feature laden product to the market. b)Create a more specialized sales force Advantage s Precise would be able to recruit top sales people and begin product introduction with a high performing, laser focused team. This team would not have existing relationships with current Precise customers which could be an advantage in dealing with the echelon of Company executives required to authorize a software purchase of this magnitude.Disadvantages Loss of the personal relationships with current customer DBAs may crimp product sales. Additionally, augmenting the existing sales force adds to the overall operating expenses of Precise and would add to their current string of operating losses. ? 7. One option to introduce Precise Insight at the Oracle OpenWorld 2000. Such an introduction could result in first mover advantage. What are the factors that likely influence the possibility of first mover advantage in this case. How would these factors impact first mover advantage in this case? 0 Points Precise conducted a survey of its customers and quickly found that end-to-end resp onse time was the preferred indicator of overall system capacity and health. High dollar investments in enterprise applications like ERP, CRM or supply chain management left those who championed for their introduction into a Company eager to demonstrate the effectiveness of their respective choices. An end-to-end software application would help these internal champions by assuring optimizations throughout the user base.As companies continued to expand their global presence, many locations were separated geographically, at times by thousands of miles. Insight offered a solution to make high data intensive applications run more smoothly and efficiently. The need for senior executives to ensure these high dollar investments authorized by they themselves were successful was itself an undiscovered and underserved market. Meeting the needs of some top decision makers, more importantly, those with the ability to authorize large Company investments would add to the first mover advantage.